The same pattern shows up in IQ testing, the Civil Service Exam, the Armed Forces Qualifying Test, the PSAT, SAT, MCATs, LSATs, etc. It is written about extensively (albeit guardedly) in publications by think tanks like AEI and Brookings, by the Dept. of Education and reported on in such journalistic outlets as the NYT, WaPO, etc. as "the black-white testing gap" that unfortunately is not shrinking over time.
It is mainstream psychometric science, but they are careful how they address it because they apparently fear that the masses might not be able to absorb the truth in a benign manner. That's why so many people are unaware of the statistics until they dig. The "pseudoscience" decried by left wing antiracists is actually based on enormous amounts of data within the tried and true testing system that permeates all levels of American society. Here's one based on IQ testing (there have been a lot of peer reviewed studies based just on IQ testing):
The problems we are seeing in the inner city are the left tail of the black distribution curve shown above that has been left behind in impoverished pockets. Keep in mind, an IQ below 80 used to be classified as "mentally retarded." Notice that there are plenty of blacks that score more highly than the average white (just proportionately fewer). Individual black scores as high as 200 have been reported. IQ is not driven by race. It is driven by gene combinations that did not spread evenly throughout the world from the original mutations.
Here is the same pattern, this time based on the SATs:
Notice the same curve shapes and superimposition as in the IQ research, with an enormous sample size supporting the data. You wanted to know where the graphs come from. This one is from the College Board.
This chart shows that poverty isn't the primary driver. Poor whites and Asians outscore wealthy blacks.