Your friend is correct, although it's a little more complex than that. The 1m will gauge a move, actually the 1s, 100ms will also but not many can go to this level, it's a Matryoshka. The problem is the 1m can be whipsawed by the higher timeframes, so when they are in unison they start at the lower timeframe and move up, but the opposite can also happen where the higher timeframe filters down to the lower timeframe.
Then, most of the time the market is in 'flux' and the timeframes are seemingly random, they are not, however you may have 100s of 1m moves in a daily trend move. If you are in the middle of a daily move you cannot say if the 1m is trending as it might be pushed or pulled, you can use the 1hr to reduce the risk but again the daily may have another plan. A move is a move, the markets don't care that you identified and 1m trend when they are focused on the 1d move, which is what is happening with GBPUSD right now, you'll be one of the many morsels for the day, the smart money put their trades on back in August.
So the gauge works at the fat-tail events of the start and the end of a higher timeframe move, but in the middle anything can happen. The indices are combined views on the stocks, it's the exact same principle as the timeframes, they can move in unison or be separate, it depends on the exact moment you are performing the analysis, start, end or middle and the timeframes involved in that analysis.
The stock market works on multi-dimensional matrices, every combination of everything, but there are a few combinations that reduce the possibilities down to a human manageable size, they are the systems that people like the Turtles used, transferable methodologies. Trade down to 1s charts so see this happening a lot, the lower the timeframe the more whipsaws you get as you have the higher timeframes providing pressure which can go against the 1m move forcing it to fail.
The higher the timeframe the less high probability trades but the less whipsaws, the middle such as 1hr are always painful as you have both higher and lower timeframes pushing and pulling at the same time, these are the trades you have to fight with and often get out less than you put in. If you read the Wizards books some of them trade the low timeframe to 'feel' the market which helps identify the high timeframe which produce the profit.