The broker has till T+2 to locate shares if the trader holds the short overnight. For an intraday short and cover, they do not need to.
I spoke to @def about having an opt-in where the trader authorizes the broker to close all short positions at the end of the regular trading hours. This move is technically within the rules and doesn't need shares to be located before shorting. I'm unsure if IB is considering such a move. If they do, other brokers might follow suit.
It's possible that trading could be halted near EOD and prevent closing it out. But supposing they start liquidating 30min early the chance of that happening is extremely low. And they still have 2 days to locate before a fail to deliver. Is there any broker that allows this?