There is no universal risk management system, as market conditions and structure of all banks differ. A separate program should be developed for each institution in accordance with its goals and problems. Large banks with a large number of divisions need a more developed and well-thought-out risk management system. But principles and functions of risk management system are the same for all institutions.
In order for the risk management system to function properly, it should involve all structural units of the company, from management to operational. The functions of each subdivision should be fixed, and the reasons for conflicts of interest should be minimized.
Many methods and tools have been developed to reduce the probability of bank losses. Their effectiveness depends on the ability to choose appropriate, use and adjust for each specific situation. Taking into account specifics of bank risks, methods are most often used:
-dispersion - the possible damage is spread among the members of the institution so that the losses for each of them are less significant;
-limiting operations - setting limits on the amount of risk tolerance;
-diversification - using assets to profit from different sources;
-insurance - transfer of liability for risk compensation to the insurance company from the contributions fund;
-hedging - transfer of risk to participants of financial risk through transactions.